Primary Sources:
Articles:
"Anti-Trust Campaign Begun." The Sun (New York, NY) (18 Dec. 1902): n. pag. Print.
"New York Stock Exchange." New York Times 10 May 1901: n. pag. Print.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "The Progressives, Past and Present." The Outlook (1910): n. pag. Theodore Roosevelt Association. Web.
United States. Antitrust Policy as Corporate Welfare. By Clyde Wayne Crews. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.
Books:
Roosevelt, Theodore. American Ideals. New York: G.P. Putnam, 1920. Print.
Roosevelt, Theodore. American Problems. New York: Scribner, 1926. Print
Roosevelt, Theodore, and Elmer H. Youngman. Progressive Principles. New York: Progressive National Service, 1913. Print.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "Government Regulations." Letter to Congress. 1901.Theodore Roosevelt Letters and Speeches. New York: Library of America, 2004. N. pag. Print.
Roosevelt, Theodore. The Foes of Our Own Household. New York: George H. Doran, 1917. Print.
Roosevelt, Theodore. Theodore Roosevelt; an Autobiography .. New York: Macmillan, 1913. Print.
The Sherman Antitrust Law with Amendments and List of Decisions Thereunder or Relating Thereto. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1911. Print.
Letters:
Roosevelt, Theodore. "Dissolving Standard Oil: To Arthur B. Farquhar." Letter to Arthur B. Farquhar. 11 Aug. 1911. Theodore Roosevelt Letters and Speeches. New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 2004. N. pag. Print.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "Labor and Capital: To Philander Chase Knox." Letter to Chase Knox. 10 Nov. 1904. Theodore Roosevelt Letters and Speeches. New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 2004. N. pag. Print.
Roosevelt, Theodore. “Letter to Sir Edward Gray." Letter to Edward Gray. 15 Nov. 1913. Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography. New York: Macmillan, 1913. N. pag. Print.
Political Cartoons:
"A Timely Warning." Puck Magazine 2 Sept. 1903: n. pag. Print.
"A Tip to Fatima Ted." Puck Magazine 15 Aug. 1906: n. pag. Print.
"Been Rolling a Little Too High." Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/toonsbytopicantitrust.html>.
"Caught In the Act." The Press [Philadelphia] n.d.: n. pag. Print.
DeMar, John L. "High Finances." American Government. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2014.
DeMar, John L. "Teddy Roosevelt: Trust Buster." Retro Compaigns. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Sept. 2014.
Harper's Weekly. Congress on His Hands. 1903. Theodore Roosevelt: Encyclopedia of Presidents. New York: Children's, 2004. N. pag. Print.
"NEXT!" Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/toonsbytopicantitrust.html>.
Ohio State Journal. "It's Time For You To Go." Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/toonsbytopicantitrust.html>.
Rushneh. "Jiu-Jitsued." Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/toonsbytopicantitrust.html>.
"The Infant Hercules and the Standard Oil Serpents." Puck Magazine 23 May 1906: n. pag. Print.
"The Lion Tamer." Harper's Weekly [New York] 15 Oct. 1904: n. pag. Print.
"Woodsman Spare That Tree." Puck Magazine 25 May 1904: n. pag. Print.
Speeches and Addresses:
Roosevelt, Theodore. "Address at Providence." Address at Providence. Rhode Island. 23 August 1902. Theodore Roosevelt Letters and Speeches. New York: Library of America, 2004. Print.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "A Square Deal." State Agricultural Association. New York, Syracuse. 7 Sept. 1903. Theodore Roosevelt and the Politics of Power. Boston: Little, Brown, 1969. Print.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "Citizenship in a Republic." Speech at the Sorbonne. France, Paris. 23 Apr. 1910. Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt. Web. <http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/images/research/speeches/maninthearena.pdf>.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "First Annual Message to Congress." First Annual Message to Congress. 3 Dec. 1901. The Library of Congress. Web.
Roosevelt, Theodore. ""It Takes More Than That to Kill a Bull Moose"" Address at Milwaukee, Wis. Wisconsin, Milwaukee. 14 Oct. 1912. Business Insider. Web. 23 Sept. 2014.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "Inaugural Address." Theodore Roosevelt’s Inauguration. 6 Sept. 1901. The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt. New York: n.p., 1979. Print.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "National Duties." Minnesota State Fair, St. Paul. Minnesota. 2 Sept. 1901. The Library of Congress. Web.
Roosevelt, Theodore. New York State Fair. New York, Syracuse. 7 Sept. 1903.Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural Site. Web. 22 Sept. 2014.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "Nobel Lecture (1910)." Address at The Nation Theatre. Norway, Oslo. 5 May 1910. Letters and Speeches. New York: Library of America, 2004. Print.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "The Conditions of Success." Address at the Cambridge Union. 26 May 1910. Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt. Web. <http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/images/research/speeches/ConditionsofSuccess.pdf>.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "The Investigation of Judge Westbrook." Speech in the New York Assembly Chamber. New York, Albany. 6 Apr. 1882. Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt. Web. <http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/images/research/txtspeeches/550.pdf>.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "The New Nationalism." Speech at Osawatomie. Kansas. 31 Aug. 1910. Web. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/tr-nationalism/>.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "The Strenuous Life." Speech before Hamilton Club. Chicago. 10 Apr. 1899. Theodore Roosevelt Letters and Speeches. New York: Library of America, 2004. Print.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "State of the Union 1904." State of the Union 1904. 6 Dec. 1904. American History. Web. 22 Oct. 2014.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "State of the Union 1905." State of the Union 1905. 5 Dec. 1905. American History. Web. 22 Sept. 2014.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "State of the Union 1906." State of the Union 1906. 3 Dec. 1906. American History. Web. 22 Sept. 2014.
Website:
Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2014.
"Theodore Roosevelt: A Resource Guide." Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/troosevelt/index.html>.
Other:
Borglum, Lincoln, and Gutzon Borglum. Mount Rushmore National Memorial. Oct. 1941. South Dakota, Keystone.
Governor Roosevelt Making Campaign Speehes at Lewis, Ind. N.d. Havard College Library. Houghton Library. N.p.: Harvard, n.d. N. pag. Harvard Library. Web. 23 Sept. 2014.
Northern Securities Co. v. United States 193 U.S. 197 (1904). U.S. Supreme Court. 14 Mar. 1904. Northern Securities Co. v. United States. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2014.
Secondary Sources:
Articles:
"American Experience: TV's Most-watched History Series." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2014.
"American President: Theodore Roosevelt: Domestic Affairs." Miller Center. University of Virginia, n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2014.
"Government Regulation of Monopolies." Government Regulation of Monopolies. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2014.
Grossman, Jonathan. "The Coal Strike of 1902 – Turning Point in U.S. Policy."Monthly Labor Review (Oct. 1975): n. pag. U.S. Department of Labor. Web. 23 Sept. 2014.
"Knights of Labor." (n.d.): n. pag. America: History and Life on the Web. Web. 22 Sept. 2014.
"Morgan, J. P." TR Center. Dickinson State University, n.d. Web. 24 Sept. 2014.
"Sherman Act." TR Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Sept. 2014.
"Supreme Court Orders Standard Oil to Be Broken Up." The New York Times (15 May 2012): n. pag. The Learning Network. The New York Times. Web.
"The Trust Buster." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2014.
Books:
Chernow, Ron. The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance. New York: Atlantic Monthly, 1990. Print.
Chessman, G. Wallace. Theodore Roosevelt and the Politics of Power. Boston: Little, Brown, 1969. Print.
Haeg, Lawrence Peter. Harriman vs. Hill: Wall Street's Great Railroad War. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.
Kane, Joseph Nathan. Facts About The Presidents: From George Washington to Barack Obama. 8th ed. New York: H.W. Wilson, 2009. Print. Facts about the Presidents.
Karson, Marc, and Selig Perlman. American Labor Unions and Politics: 1900-1918. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University, 1958. Print.
McCollum, Sean. Theodore Roosevelt: America's 26th President. New York: Children's, 2004. Print.
Morris, Edmund, and Edmund Morris. The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1979. Print.
Roosevelt, Theodore, and Louis Auchincloss. Letters and Speeches. New York: Library of America, 2004. Print.
Strock, James M. Theodore Roosevelt on Leadership: Executive Lessons from the Bully Pulpit. Roseville, CA: Forum, 2001. Print.
Stiglitz, Joseph E. Principles of Microeconomics. New York: W.W. Norton, 1997. Print.
Television:
Grubin, David. "The Story of Theodore Roosevelt." American Experience. PBS. N.d. Television.
Website:
"A Hypertext on the History of the United States from the Colonial Period until Modern times." American History from Revolution to Reconstruction and beyond. University of Groningen, n.d. Web. 22 Sept. 2014.
"Labor Movement." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2014.
"History of Labor Unions." History of Labor Unions. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2014.
Theodore Roosevelt - Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt - 26th President of the U.S.A. - Teddy Roosevelt. Chapultepec, 1999-2014. Web. 20 Oct. 2014. <http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/trpresident.html>.
"Union Plus." The History of Labor Unions & Fight for Fairness at Work. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2014.
Articles:
"Anti-Trust Campaign Begun." The Sun (New York, NY) (18 Dec. 1902): n. pag. Print.
- This article was written in the 1902 and it discusses the start of the anti-trust campaign. It gives information on how it started, and the bias in it gives a better perspective on the opinion the citizens had towards the subject. This connects with the subject because it shows what kind of impact the campaign had.
"New York Stock Exchange." New York Times 10 May 1901: n. pag. Print.
- In this article it shows a chart of the stock exchange. It is clear proof that a business is creating a monopoly, and they have most of the money. This is evidence of what gets fixed once the trusts are dissolved.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "The Progressives, Past and Present." The Outlook (1910): n. pag. Theodore Roosevelt Association. Web.
- In this article Theodore Roosevelt gives an outline of his statements from the New Nationalism speech in more detail. He did this because he felt he could not go in depth enough during his speech. This too explains what led to the anti-trust act.
United States. Antitrust Policy as Corporate Welfare. By Clyde Wayne Crews. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.
- This is a government document that discusses the antitrust policy. It gives supporting evidence of why it is beneficial and what the negative effects of having monopolies are. This ties in with the subject of my project because it gives a large amount of information on the antitrust act.
Books:
Roosevelt, Theodore. American Ideals. New York: G.P. Putnam, 1920. Print.
- In this book that Roosevelt wrote he talks about the ideals that typical American people had living in those times. This an important thing to understand for the topic I have because how other people responded to the trust movements at that time is very important to the impact they will end up having, and whether or not an impact will be left.
Roosevelt, Theodore. American Problems. New York: Scribner, 1926. Print
- This book was written by Theodore Roosevelt so he could share his concerns. It is about the problems he saw with America, from social aspects to economics. It was beneficial because it gave his stand on many matters showing what caused him to do some of the things he did.
Roosevelt, Theodore, and Elmer H. Youngman. Progressive Principles. New York: Progressive National Service, 1913. Print.
- A large part of this book is centered on the topic of freedom and people ruling the government. This is very important because without this idea things such as monopolies, that took away from people’s rights, would not be such an important topic. That fact that Roosevelt writes this book shows how important of a role he played in this.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "Government Regulations." Letter to Congress. 1901.Theodore Roosevelt Letters and Speeches. New York: Library of America, 2004. N. pag. Print.
- Roosevelt wrote a letter to congress, stating that they should have some way to regulate and watch businesses. This was because the ideas of monopolies being dissolved were so new and there was proof that many businesses were creating them. It is another example that Roosevelt had a large impact in the breaking up trusts.
Roosevelt, Theodore. The Foes of Our Own Household. New York: George H. Doran, 1917. Print.
- This book deals with the subject that within our own country there are people who are destroying it. This is very important to understand to also understand why Roosevelt was so strongly against trusts. It shows how he thought that if there were disagreements and things that were unfair then the people causing that were in a way a foe.
Roosevelt, Theodore. Theodore Roosevelt; an Autobiography .. New York: Macmillan, 1913. Print.
- This is a book that was written by Theodore Roosevelt himself. In it he talks about the important events of his life and goes in to depth on many issues that were presented to him while he held important positions. In this he goes into depth about some events of trust-busting and talks about his opinions on the topic. This contributed to my project because it showed a lot of his personal thoughts and actions.
The Sherman Antitrust Law with Amendments and List of Decisions Thereunder or Relating Thereto. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1911. Print.
- This book was released from the government. It gives all the information on the Anti-trust law. Such as the legal events connected to it, why it happened, and how. This relates top Roosevelt because he was a leader in breaking trusts and making business fair.
Letters:
Roosevelt, Theodore. "Dissolving Standard Oil: To Arthur B. Farquhar." Letter to Arthur B. Farquhar. 11 Aug. 1911. Theodore Roosevelt Letters and Speeches. New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 2004. N. pag. Print.
- This is a letter that Theodore Roosevelt wrote addressing the subject of dissolving the Standard Oil Company. In this letter he shows his opinion on the matter of dissolving the company and briefly discusses supervising companies in the future. It was useful for me to understand his stand on the matter.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "Labor and Capital: To Philander Chase Knox." Letter to Chase Knox. 10 Nov. 1904. Theodore Roosevelt Letters and Speeches. New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 2004. N. pag. Print.
- In this letter Roosevelt is addressing the fact that business is quite unfair. He writes to Knox about issues and that they should take action to fix it. This helped me better understand what led him to dissolving trusts.
Roosevelt, Theodore. “Letter to Sir Edward Gray." Letter to Edward Gray. 15 Nov. 1913. Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography. New York: Macmillan, 1913. N. pag. Print.
- In this letter Roosevelt discusses how business should be fair. It is unique because he not only says it should be fair to regular citizens but it must also be fair to the business men. This helped me understand his stand in politics and business. This is important because his stand is what led him to take action in business by leading the anti-trust campaign.
Political Cartoons:
"A Timely Warning." Puck Magazine 2 Sept. 1903: n. pag. Print.
- In this political cartoon it shows an elephant that is labeled High Protective Tariff and Tariff-Protected Trusts with a life vest swimming out to sea. Roosevelt is behind it with his hand up as if he is calling out a warning. This is a representation of the warning he was giving for the monopolies and trusts that were protected and becoming too powerful.
"A Tip to Fatima Ted." Puck Magazine 15 Aug. 1906: n. pag. Print.
- In this political cartoon it shows a congressman, who is depicted as blue beard, wearing a head piece that says protected monopolies. He is preventing Roosevelt, who is depicted as Fatima, from opening up a door that reads tariff revision. This is a representation of how the government was protecting monopolies that Roosevelt was trying to dissolve.
"Been Rolling a Little Too High." Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/toonsbytopicantitrust.html>.
- In this political cartoon Theodore Roosevelt is shopping a man with a train engine as their face from walking into a building labeled Inter-State Commerce Commission. The rail road man has papers stuffed in his pockets that are labeled with thing such as rates. This shows that he stopped the railroad company from the illegal actions they had been getting away with.
"Caught In the Act." The Press [Philadelphia] n.d.: n. pag. Print.
- This cartoon shows Roosevelt shinning a flashlight on a huge pig labeled standard oil monopoly. The pig is eating money from a trough that says rebates, and has small papers in it such as secret rates and discriminating R.R. Rates. This is a depiction of when Roosevelt revealed the information he found on the railroad companies trusts and monopolies.
DeMar, John L. "High Finances." American Government. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2014.
- This is a political cartoon that depicts many people labeled with different trust names such as the steel trusts, ship building trusts, and railroad trusts, and they are all on a large object labeled finances. The purpose behind this was to show how the trusts all want to have the most money, in other words to show the businesses were all greedy. It helps support the idea that trusts should be broken up.
DeMar, John L. "Teddy Roosevelt: Trust Buster." Retro Compaigns. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Sept. 2014.
- In this political cartoon it depicts Roosevelt fighting a bear that is on a train. The bear has the word trust written on it. This was drawn in 1904 because in 1902 the Department of Justice along with Roosevelt sued the Northern Securities Railroad Company trust, and it was a large court case. It shows Roosevelt’s important role in dissolving trusts.
Harper's Weekly. Congress on His Hands. 1903. Theodore Roosevelt: Encyclopedia of Presidents. New York: Children's, 2004. N. pag. Print.
- This political cartoon from the newspaper Harper’s Weekly shows Theodore Roosevelt holding up an obese man wearing a hat labeled congress. The congress man has papers in his pockets labeled labor, Cuba, financial legislature, and the trusts. This is relevant because it shows that Roosevelt was in charge of all of this, one of the papers is also the trusts.
"NEXT!" Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/toonsbytopicantitrust.html>.
- In this cartoon it shows Roosevelt sitting like he is a physiatrist and there is what looks to be a dead cow on the ground with a paper that says beef trust. The title of the cartoon implies that he is waiting for another trust to take care of now. This shows how he dissolved many trusts.
Ohio State Journal. "It's Time For You To Go." Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/toonsbytopicantitrust.html>.
- In this political cartoon there is a huge pig sitting at a tale with a knife that says greed and a bib that says beef packers. Roosevelt is standing and pointing at the pig, and based on the title it is implied that he is telling the pig he needs to go. This cartoon shows how he forced the businesses, such as the beef companies, to stop their growth.
Rushneh. "Jiu-Jitsued." Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/toonsbytopicantitrust.html>.
- In this political cartoon Roosevelt is holding a man labeled rail road trust and twisting their arm. That is why the cartoon is titled Jui-Jitsued. This is a representation of how he fought with the rail road company because of their trust.
"The Infant Hercules and the Standard Oil Serpents." Puck Magazine 23 May 1906: n. pag. Print.
- This political cartoon shows a baby Theodore Roosevelt fighting large snakes. These snakes have the heads of Nelson W. Aldrich and John D. Rockefeller, two very powerful trust holders that Roosevelt worked to dissolve. It shows the struggle he had in dissolving trusts.
"The Lion Tamer." Harper's Weekly [New York] 15 Oct. 1904: n. pag. Print.
- This picture shows Roosevelt with a whip and lions are surrounding him and bowing. These lions are labeled with different trust companies, such as the oil trust and beef trust. This is to show that he “whipped” the trusts into shape, in other words fixing the trusts. It then led to the dissolving of the trusts.
"Woodsman Spare That Tree." Puck Magazine 25 May 1904: n. pag. Print.
- This picture shows Theodore Roosevelt stopping Philander Chase Knox from cutting down a tree with the label The Trusts. The ax he is using is labeled Anti-Trust Laws. The purpose of this political cartoon was to show that Roosevelt tried to distinguish between good and bad trusts.
Speeches and Addresses:
Roosevelt, Theodore. "Address at Providence." Address at Providence. Rhode Island. 23 August 1902. Theodore Roosevelt Letters and Speeches. New York: Library of America, 2004. Print.
- This speech by Theodore Roosevelt talks about the progression and advancement of the country. He also says some things that have helped shaped today’s times, showing his lasting legacy.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "A Square Deal." State Agricultural Association. New York, Syracuse. 7 Sept. 1903. Theodore Roosevelt and the Politics of Power. Boston: Little, Brown, 1969. Print.
- This speech deals with the fairness of business. Roosevelt says how everyone must work together for it to work. This helps me because it backs up the idea that big business monopolies are a negative thing and bad for the regular workers. It also shows that he was very involved in this matter.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "Citizenship in a Republic." Speech at the Sorbonne. France, Paris. 23 Apr. 1910. Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt. Web. <http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/images/research/speeches/maninthearena.pdf>.
- In this speech Roosevelt talks about how the people who do the work are the ones that deserve recognition, not the critics. This is a comparison to the everyday workers and big business people. It discusses the fairness between them. This ties in because some monopolies were unfair to their workers.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "First Annual Message to Congress." First Annual Message to Congress. 3 Dec. 1901. The Library of Congress. Web.
- In this speech Roosevelt talks about the development that the U.S. has made over the years. This leads into him talking about business and how corporations should be run and that they need to be regulated to be fair. This shows his stand on business and some of the reasons why he felt the need to be part of the anti-trust movement.
Roosevelt, Theodore. ""It Takes More Than That to Kill a Bull Moose"" Address at Milwaukee, Wis. Wisconsin, Milwaukee. 14 Oct. 1912. Business Insider. Web. 23 Sept. 2014.
- Theodore Roosevelt gave this speech after an attempt to assassinate him was made. He spends a long time talking about how he is fine and no one should worry then he talk about important issues the country is facing. One thing he says is that he supports labor unions and how he believes monopolies should not exist. This shows Roosevelt’s stand, and helps explain why he had such an important role in the anti-trust movement.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "Inaugural Address." Theodore Roosevelt’s Inauguration. 6 Sept. 1901. The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt. New York: n.p., 1979. Print.
- Theodore Roosevelt gave this speech on his second oath to office of President after already serving for three years. It is an example of the leadership that Roosevelt had that helped him make the changes in our government and economy.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "National Duties." Minnesota State Fair, St. Paul. Minnesota. 2 Sept. 1901. The Library of Congress. Web.
- This speech deals with the duty each citizen has to his or her country. He talks about the importance, and then he goes into some economics. Poverty and the rich are discussed in this speech and this helps my project because one of the main reasons the trusts were such a problem was because the rich were monopolizing everything from the poor.
Roosevelt, Theodore. New York State Fair. New York, Syracuse. 7 Sept. 1903.Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural Site. Web. 22 Sept. 2014.
- This is a speech Theodore Roosevelt made when he was a t the New York State Fair in 1903. He says that each man deserves the same thing, because we are equal. This applies to the subject of trust-busting because it helps explains his purpose and thoughts in breaking apart the trusts.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "Nobel Lecture (1910)." Address at The Nation Theatre. Norway, Oslo. 5 May 1910. Letters and Speeches. New York: Library of America, 2004. Print.
- Roosevelt takes about the nation in this speech, and how we need justice; he says it, along with righteousness, is something that is crucial for a nation to be successful. This helps support the fact that he was a leader in the trust busting movement because the movement helped make the economy more fair, and brought large monopoly businesses to justice.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "The Conditions of Success." Address at the Cambridge Union. 26 May 1910. Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt. Web. <http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/images/research/speeches/ConditionsofSuccess.pdf>.
- In this address Theodore Roosevelt is talking to the members of government about the Union Society. This is very important because due to his part in the trust busting movement many worker unions were created, and they are very important today. This shows the beginning of that.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "The Investigation of Judge Westbrook." Speech in the New York Assembly Chamber. New York, Albany. 6 Apr. 1882. Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt. Web. <http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/images/research/txtspeeches/550.pdf>.
- This was a speech Roosevelt made when he had suspicions about the Judge that he was working with the railroad company. It is important because it shows that Roosevelt was such a large part of the anti-trust movement that by 1882 he was already beginning to see it.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "The New Nationalism." Speech at Osawatomie. Kansas. 31 Aug. 1910. Web. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/tr-nationalism/>.
- In this speech Roosevelt laid out his vision for what he called new nationalism. In the speech he says that special protections for business from the government need to be ended, and that no one person has more rights than another. This was a very important speech that greatly shows his stand on how businesses should be run. This also shows one of the things that lead to the anti-trust act.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "The Strenuous Life." Speech before Hamilton Club. Chicago. 10 Apr. 1899. Theodore Roosevelt Letters and Speeches. New York: Library of America, 2004. Print.
- In this speech Roosevelt says that a life of ease ends up being an unsatisfactory life. From there he goes on to talk about how the ways citizens live their life contribute to the U.S. have such a large impact and that people cannot sit by doing nothing. In this speech he is calling citizens into action to do something for the country. This is a powerful speech that shows how large of an impact Roosevelt’s leadership had, and it was one of his early speeches that paved the way for him to become successful.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "State of the Union 1904." State of the Union 1904. 6 Dec. 1904. American History. Web. 22 Oct. 2014.
- This is a yearly speech that the president gives before congress about the state of the union. In this speech, one of the very important matters Roosevelt addresses is the conditions of labor and the way the economy is going. The things he says about these subjects is in favor of the Anti-trust law, which is just more proof in showing how strong an opinion Roosevelt had.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "State of the Union 1905." State of the Union 1905. 5 Dec. 1905. American History. Web. 22 Sept. 2014.
- This is another union speech that Roosevelt gave. It is a year later but still contains many of the same topics as the previous one. Still, business and economy is a large topic of what he covers. This shows how long processes in changing the U.S. take, and that Roosevelt was dedicated to making the country better. This was useful because it helped show the process of fixing the economy.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "State of the Union 1906." State of the Union 1906. 3 Dec. 1906. American History. Web. 22 Sept. 2014.
- Yet another union speech given by Roosevelt, the process of bettering the economy and dissolving big businesses was still in the process. Roosevelt in this one is strongly urging that government steps in, and they have some way to regulate the way businesses are run to prevent monopolies from occurring. This shows the process of dissolving the trusts.
Website:
Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2014.
- This website is the official Library of Congress website. It has a large amount of information on everything Roosevelt did, and the important events that occurred during his presidency. There are also many sources such as picture, letters, and articles that are official from the government. It was very beneficial to me because it is a reliable source.
"Theodore Roosevelt: A Resource Guide." Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/troosevelt/index.html>.
- This is the page for Theodore Roosevelt from the Library of Congresses website. It has a large amount of information on everything Roosevelt did, and the important events that occurred during his presidency. There are also many sources such as picture, letters, and articles that are official from the government. It was very beneficial to me because it is a reliable source.
Other:
Borglum, Lincoln, and Gutzon Borglum. Mount Rushmore National Memorial. Oct. 1941. South Dakota, Keystone.
- Mount Rushmore is a national monument in the United States that has the face of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. This is significant to the subject because it shows that Roosevelt had such a lasting impact on our country, that his face was carved into stone as a national monument.
Governor Roosevelt Making Campaign Speehes at Lewis, Ind. N.d. Havard College Library. Houghton Library. N.p.: Harvard, n.d. N. pag. Harvard Library. Web. 23 Sept. 2014.
- It is a photo of Theodore Roosevelt while he is campaigning. This is relevant to the topic and helps support it because it shows the leadership side that Roosevelt had.
Northern Securities Co. v. United States 193 U.S. 197 (1904). U.S. Supreme Court. 14 Mar. 1904. Northern Securities Co. v. United States. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2014.
- This is the court report of the Anti-trust act. It goes into a brief history of business such as the railroad company. It explains why the law was made and what it will do. This relates to my topic because Roosevelt was a very important person in this law being made.
Secondary Sources:
Articles:
"American Experience: TV's Most-watched History Series." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2014.
- On this website they have different stories and subjects. One I found is an interview with a Historian named John Cooper. In this interview he talks about the aspects of Theodore Roosevelt’s career, and trust-busting is one of the topics of Roosevelt’s career he discusses.
"American President: Theodore Roosevelt: Domestic Affairs." Miller Center. University of Virginia, n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2014.
- This article discusses what Roosevelt’s beliefs for the government and businesses were and the action he took once he came into office. It provides support and details for what he accomplished, such as the Square Deal. This helped me get more insight on what he personally helped accomplish in dissolving monopolies.
"Government Regulation of Monopolies." Government Regulation of Monopolies. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2014.
- This article explains how the government began working to regulate monopolies. Monopolies are what Roosevelt made an effort to dissolve. It was very helpful to my project because it gave me more in depth information on the subject.
Grossman, Jonathan. "The Coal Strike of 1902 – Turning Point in U.S. Policy."Monthly Labor Review (Oct. 1975): n. pag. U.S. Department of Labor. Web. 23 Sept. 2014.
- This article discusses the work in labor unions going from the late 1800s to the 1900s when Roosevelt was alive. The main topic of it is the coal strike that happened in 1902. It is helpful to my topic because it gave me information on the people’s opinions of the way they were being treated and how Roosevelt stepped in to help with that issue.
"Knights of Labor." (n.d.): n. pag. America: History and Life on the Web. Web. 22 Sept. 2014.
- In the article it discusses the forming of the very first large labor union. It connects with this project because labor unions were also another part in the push to dissolve the trusts. This is because due to trusts and monopolies workers would often be treated unfairly.
"Morgan, J. P." TR Center. Dickinson State University, n.d. Web. 24 Sept. 2014.
- This is an article about a banker named Morgan J. P. It discusses how he went into business and was very good at taking over smaller banker business, thus creating a monopoly. Due to this he clashed with Roosevelt.
"Sherman Act." TR Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Sept. 2014.
- This is an article is on the Sherman Anti-trust act. It explains how it was made in 1890 while Roosevelt was only serving in the U.S. Civil Service Commission, but it was still very important while he was president in the 1900s. It was important because Roosevelt was able to use it to help in dissolving monopolies.
"Supreme Court Orders Standard Oil to Be Broken Up." The New York Times (15 May 2012): n. pag. The Learning Network. The New York Times. Web.
- This article gives information on the oil companies being broken up. It explains the process and impact it had on the companies and economy. Then there is a second half that connects it to life today. This shows how there was a legacy left behind from the large companies being dissolved.
"The Trust Buster." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2014.
- This website contains a large amount of American history. There is an in depth section on Theodore Roosevelt and how he was involved in trust-busting. It gives dates, information, quotes, and pictures on the events. It also contains a large amount information on the Anti-trust act.
Books:
Chernow, Ron. The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance. New York: Atlantic Monthly, 1990. Print.
- This book is all about the rise of modern financing. It applies to my topic because there is proof of lasting effects from the trust-busting events. With this it shows that Roosevelt left a standing impact on the world.
Chessman, G. Wallace. Theodore Roosevelt and the Politics of Power. Boston: Little, Brown, 1969. Print.
- This is a book about Roosevelt entering office. It discusses his life in the White House, what political action he took, and his responsibilities. In it trust-busting is discussed and the impact it had on our country. This allowed me to find more information on the subject.
Haeg, Lawrence Peter. Harriman vs. Hill: Wall Street's Great Railroad War. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.
- This is a book about the railroad companies. It talks about the legal events the companies went through. It ties in to the anti-trust act, and it allows you to see how business men saw the act.
Kane, Joseph Nathan. Facts About The Presidents: From George Washington to Barack Obama. 8th ed. New York: H.W. Wilson, 2009. Print. Facts about the Presidents.
- This book contains information on all of the presidents from George Washington to Barack Obama. It includes facts about their personal life’s and important events that occurred during their presidency. Within the section on Theodore Roosevelt it contains dates on the trust-busting act that was very useful to my research.
Karson, Marc, and Selig Perlman. American Labor Unions and Politics: 1900-1918. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University, 1958. Print.
- This book describes the labor union in the early 1900s. Labor unions were an important factor in the monopolies of businesses being broken up. They also became much stronger after the monopolies were dissolved. This is important because due to the anti-trust act their involvement changes. It shows some of the legacy Roosevelt left behind in this.
McCollum, Sean. Theodore Roosevelt: America's 26th President. New York: Children's, 2004. Print.
- This book talks about Roosevelt’s life and accomplishments. It gives background on who his is and what he has done. There is a section about his work with trust-busting that was useful to my project.
Morris, Edmund, and Edmund Morris. The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1979. Print.
- This book is about Roosevelt’s life. It explains how he came to power, hence the title of the book. There are many different aspects of his life it goes over in explaining how it happened. The part that benefits my subject is his involvement in the economy.
Roosevelt, Theodore, and Louis Auchincloss. Letters and Speeches. New York: Library of America, 2004. Print.
- This is a collection of Letters and Speeches that Roosevelt himself wrote and gave. I was able to find useful speeches about business and dissolving monopolies within it. It provides good support and evidence of his involvement.
Strock, James M. Theodore Roosevelt on Leadership: Executive Lessons from the Bully Pulpit. Roseville, CA: Forum, 2001. Print.
- In this book it discusses Roosevelt’s leadership. Such as how he was president and his how he led in certain matters. There is information on his involvement in dissolving large companies. It showed how he went into the companies that were to strong and would break them down. It also mentions laws that were made that still stand today.
Stiglitz, Joseph E. Principles of Microeconomics. New York: W.W. Norton, 1997. Print.
- This is a book on Mirco-Economics. It gives in depth information on how everything works. It helps my project because there are parts where it discusses business and monopolies, which were dissolved by Roosevelt’s help, so it is proof of the legacy he left behind.
Television:
Grubin, David. "The Story of Theodore Roosevelt." American Experience. PBS. N.d. Television.
- This is a PBS film on the life of Theodore Roosevelt. It uses letters, diaries, film footage, and interviews to depict his life, career, and beliefs. A large part of what the film shows is how he was unafraid to take one financial responsibilities. This is very important considering that he changed a large part of the American economy.
Website:
"A Hypertext on the History of the United States from the Colonial Period until Modern times." American History from Revolution to Reconstruction and beyond. University of Groningen, n.d. Web. 22 Sept. 2014.
- This website contains a vast amount of information and history. I was able to find very useful information of Theodore Roosevelt such as his State of the Union speeches that talked about economics a great deal. It also had information on laws that were passed during the time he was in office, and others he had a very important role in, such as the anti-trust act.
"Labor Movement." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2014.
- This website has information on labor unions, how they started, what they are, and more. It connects with my project because by breaking monopolies many unions were able to thrive, becoming what they are today.
"History of Labor Unions." History of Labor Unions. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2014.
- This website contains a history of the labor unions. It is important because they also had a large impact in the trust busting act.
Theodore Roosevelt - Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt - 26th President of the U.S.A. - Teddy Roosevelt. Chapultepec, 1999-2014. Web. 20 Oct. 2014. <http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/trpresident.html>.
- This website was very helpful for my project. It contains a vast amount of information on Theodore Roosevelt, including all of his speeches, many pictures, and videos. due to this it has many things that have to do with his involvement in government economics and business. Some parts that were directly related to trust busting.
"Union Plus." The History of Labor Unions & Fight for Fairness at Work. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2014.
- This contains a vast amount of information on the labor unions. It is important because of the role that the labor unions had in dissolving trusts and monopolies.